Hafiz Imran and Dr. Umar Hayat 2025. Hulafā’ al-Fuḍūl (Covenant of the Virtuous): A Historical and Analytical Study of the Concept of Human Rights in Pre-Islamic Mecca. AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ). 2, 3 (Jun. 2025), 268–277. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/.