AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ)
type: channel
description: The AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ), accredited in the Y Category by HJRS, HEC and published by the AL-HAYAT RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED. It is a quarterly, trilingual (English, Arabic, Urdu), double-blind, peer-reviewed, open-access journal, available online (ISSN 3006-4767) and in print (ISSN 3006-4759). AHRJ promotes interreligious harmony, multidisciplinary research, academic excellence, intellectual exchange, and open-access knowledge while empowering emerging scholars. It bridges academia and society, fostering understanding and global peace by providing a platform for critical insights across Religious Studies, Social Sciences, and Arts and Humanities.
publisher: AL-HAYAT RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED
language: en
publication name: AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ)
issn: 3006-4759
items: The Biography of the Prophet (ﷺ) for Children: A Comparative Study of Urdu and Arabic Literature"
items: An Analysis of the Increasing Rates of Road Accidents on Highways of Balochistan
items: Islamic Sufism and Interfaith Dialogue: An Analytical study of the Sufi Tradition
items: A research review of the scholarly contributions of Saeed bin Mansoor
items: Character Building of Children and the Role of Parents and Society in the Present Era: Study of Quranic Teachings
items: A Thematic Study of Basir Sultan Kazmi's Ghazal Poetry
items: Prohibition of social attitudes of extremism In the Light of Uswah Hasanah
items: Altaf Hussain Hali: The Pioneer of Reformist Poetry in Urdu Literature
items: A Critical and Analytical Review of Lexicographic Heritage in Pakistan
items: Juristic Rulings of Prayer and the Qur’ānic Term “Al-Qawl” (Speech): A Study of Tafsīr Ahkām al-Qur’ān
items: The Authority of Khabar al-Wāḥid: A Comparative and Analytical Study of the Methodologies of Hadith Scholars and Legal Theorists
items: Analytical Study of Bioethical Rights in Islam
items: In the light of Fiqh al-Sirah, the economic and commercial principles of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ: A comparative study of the contemporary financial system
items: Revision Practices and Self-Regulated Learning in Collaborative Digital Writing: Implications for ESL Writing Development
items: The standard of verification of news in the field of Hadith and its contemporary significance
items: The Origin and Evolution of the Occidentalism: An Analytical Study in the Light of the Opinions of the Occidentalists
items: The Role of Maulana Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri’s Book Bazl al-Majhud fi Hall Abi Dawud in the Explanation of the Term Mukhtalif al-Hadith
items: Social Justice in the Prophetic SeerahPrinciples and Requirements
items: RUSSIA’S GRAND STRATEGY IN THE POST-2022 INTERNATIONAL ORDER: A NEOCLASSICAL REALIST ANALYSIS
items: Community Perceptions of Climatic Hazards in District Nushki, Balochistan
items: Decentralization in Theory and Practice:A Historical and Critical Comparison of Pakistan’sLocal Government Ordinances of 1979 and 2001
items: A Study to Focus on Collaborated Strategies Responding to Drug Abuse Situation in Pakistan
items: Ṣūfī Discussions in “Al-Itqān fī Ulūm ul-Qurān”
items: The Reflection of Political, Social, and Economic Issues in the Short Stories of Zahida Hina
items: Sociological Study of Ali Akbar Natiq's Novel Writing
items: A Research and Analytical Study of Ijtihād-Based Differences among the Imams of Islamic Jurisprudence: Legal Status, Causes, Underlying Wisdoms, and Merits
items: Effects of Shuttle Training on Agility, Flexibility, and Reaction Time among School-Level Basketball Players
items: A Comparative Examination of Hinduism through Muslim and Orientalist Perspectives: Historical, Intellectual, and Civilizational Dimensions
items: Islamic Teachings and the Role of Social Pluralism and Tolerance in Modern Societies
items: Islamic Education and Identity Construction: A Comparative Study of Madrasa and Secular School Students in Pakistan

The Biography of the Prophet (ﷺ) for Children: A Comparative Study of Urdu and Arabic Literature"
type: item
description: This scholarly article presents a comparative and analytical study of Seerat literature written for children in Urdu and Arabic, examining selected works published between 1975 and 2010. The research critically evaluates the methodological approaches, stylistic features, linguistic structures, and educational objectives of both literary traditions. It explores how the sacred biography of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is adapted for young readers across different linguistic and cultural contexts, highlighting the distinctive characteristics of each tradition. The findings reveal that Urdu Seerat literature emphasizes narrative engagement and moral instruction, while Arabic literature prioritizes textual authenticity and scholarly rigor. The study further critiques modern misappropriations of children's Seerat literature in both languages, demonstrating how selective adaptations and oversimplifications distort the holistic Prophetic methodology. By situating Seerat discourse within its pedagogical, linguistic, and maqāṣid-based framework, this research contributes to contemporary debates on Islamic education, children's literature, and the ethics of religious instruction in early childhood. The article argues that an integrated approach combining narrative elegance with scholarly reliability is essential for effective Seerat education in the modern era.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. Nazia Begum
creator: UMAIMA SAMI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 164
ending page: 170
doi: 10.5281/

An Analysis of the Increasing Rates of Road Accidents on Highways of Balochistan
type: item
description: Road traffic accidents have turned out to be substantial public health and socioeconomic problems in Pakistan, mostly in Balochistan where widespread terrestrial spaces, insufficient transportation frame, hard environment, as well as growing vehicular movements play its part to an unreasonably extraordinary number of transportation accidents. Public roads for example the N-25, N-50, N-40, and N-70 function as tactical transport passages linking Balochistan with other provinces as well as adjacent states; but these roads have seen a continuous rise in highway calamities over the previous 10 years’ time. This research paper examines the growing ratios of road accidents on the highways of Balochistan utilizing qualitative content analysis of secondary data gained from governmental reports, global organizations, articles, and official policy documents. The study reveals that to reduce highway calamities in Balochistan needs incorporated involvements comprising structure transformation, firmer transportation law enforcement, enhanced driver schooling, and enhanced collaboration. Applying the above-mentioned actions would play a significant role in viable transport, local economic development, as well as the attainment of nationwide and worldwide highway security goals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Hikmat Ullah
creator: Shazia Jaffar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 157
ending page: 163
doi: 10.5281/

Islamic Sufism and Interfaith Dialogue: An Analytical study of the Sufi Tradition
type: item
description: The so-called developed era of the present age is afflicted with various problems such as religious hatred, bigotry, extremism, tension, civilizational clash, and intolerance. In an era full of such afflictions and sufferings, the need to promote dialogue, tolerance, and mutual respect among different religions and civilizations has grown more than ever before. In such circumstances, Islamic Sufism plays a significant role in fostering interfaith harmony and peaceful coexistence through its intellectual foundations, moral and spiritual teachings, and practical traditions. The noble Sufis, through their thoughts and actions, set excellent examples of love, tolerance, forgiveness, respect for humanity, and good conduct. These examples played a key role in bringing the followers of different nations, religions, and cultures closer to one another and creating an atmosphere of mutual trust. The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the intellectual foundations of Islamic Sufism and the Sufi tradition, and to clarify to what extent Sufi thought has been effective in promoting interfaith dialogue and socio-economic harmony. This research reveals that the noble Sufis strove to resolve religious differences through dialogue, love, and ethical principles, rather than through conflict, terrorism, and warfare. Through their thoughts and actions, the Sufis rendered invaluable services in promoting religious harmony, tolerance, and coexistence in various regions, including the Indian subcontinent. Our research concludes that the Sufi tradition provides a highly effective intellectual and practical model for fostering religious harmony in the contemporary era.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Arslan Shabbeer
creator: Dr. Jamil Ahmad Sindhu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 144
ending page: 156
doi: 10.5281/

A research review of the scholarly contributions of Saeed bin Mansoor
type: item
description: The article under consideration examines the contributions of Muhaddith Saeed bin Mansur to the science of Hadith."Following the Holy Quran, the noble Hadith is recognized as the second primary source of Islamic guidance. The Prophet ﷺ lived his life in the most exemplary way, serving as a perfect model for us. Allah commanded believers not only to follow the Quranic rulings but also to obey His Messenger. Without the Hadith and the Sunnah, it would be impossible to understand and interpret the Quran correctly. From the time of the Companions, efforts to preserve Hadith began with small written collections. Later, the Successors and their successors contributed from different angles, producing works such as comprehensive collections, musnads, sunan, dictionaries of narrators, mustakhrajaat, and mustadrakaat. Among these important Hadith works is the Sunan compiled by Abu ‘Uthman Saeed bin Mansoor, who died in 229 AH. Scholars regard it as a trustworthy text, compiled in the 3rd century Hijri, containing around 3,000 narrations. To pursue Hadith knowledge, he journeyed to Khurasan, Marw, Baghdad, Nishapur, and Isfahan. Whether on travel or at home, he made learning accessible for students and scholars. He also made notable contributions in evaluating narrators through Jarha wa tadeel and in clarifying Hadith texts. Although scholars acknowledge him as a prolific author, all of his writings except Sunan Saeed bin Mansoor have been lost."
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Alamzeb
creator: Sohail Anwar
creator: Qazi Abdul Manan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
starting page: 139
ending page: 143
doi: 10.5281/

Character Building of Children and the Role of Parents and Society in the Present Era: Study of Quranic Teachings
type: item
description: The character building of children is a fundamental responsibility of parents, families and society, as emphasized in the Qur’anic teachings. In the contemporary era, rapid social transformation and increasing exposure to modern influences have made the process of moral and spiritual upbringing more complex than ever before. This study explores the Qur’anic perspective on child development, focusing on the role of parents and society in shaping the ethical, intellectual and spiritual personality of children. The research highlights that the Qur’an provides a comprehensive framework for upbringing based on faith, moral discipline, responsibility and balanced development. It further examines the impact of parental behavior, family environment and social structures on the formation of children’s character. The study also discusses the classification of children’s mental abilities and the importance of individualized attention in education and training. Drawing upon Qur’anic injunctions, Hadith literature, and classical Islamic scholarly works, this paper emphasizes that effective character building requires cooperation between parents, educational institutions and society. The findings suggest that adherence to Qur’anic principles ensures the development of a morally sound and socially responsible generation capable of meeting contemporary challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Naimat Ullah Khan
creator: Prof.Dr Hafiz Iftikhar Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-10
publication date: 2026-06-10
starting page: 127
ending page: 138
doi: 10.5281/

A Thematic Study of Basir Sultan Kazmi's Ghazal Poetry
type: item
description: Baasir Sultan Kazmi is a distinguished figure in contemporary Urdu poetry, carrying forward the literary legacy of his father, Nasir Kazmi. His ghazals reflect a unique blend of classical tradition and modern sensibilities, distinguishing him from mere imitation of past masters. Influenced by his father’s mentorship and extensive literary study, Baasir developed an individual poetic voice that resonates with both heritage and originality. His poetry addresses themes of love, existential reflections, socio-political consciousness, and human emotions, often weaving hope alongside sorrow. Through his deep understanding of contemporary issues, he captures the struggles and aspirations of his time with remarkable poetic craftsmanship. Critics acknowledge his mastery of language, fluidity of expression, and ability to infuse traditional ghazal structures with contemporary relevance. This paper explores the distinctive features of Baasir Sultan Kazmi’s ghazals, highlighting his poetic evolution, thematic depth, and stylistic finesse that position him among the significant Urdu poets of his era.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Husnain Ahmad
creator: Khadija Saeed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-11
publication date: 2026-06-11
starting page: 118
ending page: 124
doi: 10.5281/

Prohibition of social attitudes of extremism In the Light of Uswah Hasanah
type: item
description: This article explores the Prophetic guidance Uswah Hasanah as a foundational framework for curbing extremist behaviors in society. In the contemporary context of increasing intolerance, hate speech, and social polarization, the life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ offers a comprehensive model for promoting peace, tolerance, and social harmony. The study begins by defining the concept of social extremism and identifying its root causes and manifestations in Muslim societies today. Drawing upon Qur’anic injunctions and authentic traditions, the article analyzes nine prominent social behaviors that lead to extremism, including mockery, backbiting, intolerance, sectarianism, verbal abuse, and hate speech. The Prophetic response to each of these behaviors is highlighted to show how mercy, empathy, and mutual respect were central to his mission. Each section presents relevant Hadiths and practical examples from the Prophet’s life to illustrate his reformative and inclusive approach. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for integrating Seerah education in curricula, training scholars in the Prophetic style of dialogue, and fostering a culture of compassion in families, mosques, and media. It offers practical recommendations for policy, education, and religious discourse, asserting that only through the revival of Prophetic ethics can the roots of social extremism be addressed effectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Muhammad Afzal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-23
publication date: 2026-04-23
starting page: 108
ending page: 117
doi: 10.5281/

Altaf Hussain Hali: The Pioneer of Reformist Poetry in Urdu Literature
type: item
description: This study examines the critical methodology of Qudāmah ibn Ja‘far and its impact on Arabic literary criticism. It highlights his significant role in transforming Arabic criticism from a subjective, taste-based practice into a more structured and analytical discipline grounded in rational principles. Qudāmah ibn Ja‘far is among the earliest Arab critics who attempted to systematize literary evaluation by defining poetry and identifying its essential components, such as diction, meaning, structure, and musical rhythm. The research shows that his critical approach was strongly influenced by logical and philosophical traditions, which led him to adopt methods of classification, analysis, and comparison in evaluating poetic texts. At the same time, he did not completely disregard the aesthetic and stylistic dimensions of Arabic literary heritage, but rather sought to balance rational analysis with literary taste. Furthermore, his applied criticism demonstrates a consistent effort to deconstruct poetic texts into their constituent elements and assess their artistic value based on objective criteria. This methodological shift contributed to the development of a more disciplined approach to literary criticism in Arabic tradition. In conclusion, Qudāmah ibn Ja‘far occupies an important position in the history of Arabic criticism as a transitional figure who bridged traditional taste-based criticism and emerging rational-critical methodologies, thereby laying early foundations for a more scientific approach to literary analysis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Saadia Hijab Zahra
creator: Professor Dr. Muhammad Abuzar Khalil
creator: Zahid Murtaza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-10
publication date: 2026-06-10
starting page: 98
ending page: 107
doi: 10.5281/

A Critical and Analytical Review of Lexicographic Heritage in Pakistan
type: item
description: Following the establishment of Pakistan, when the process of restructuring political, social, and cultural institutions began, significant developments also took place in the fields of language and literature, particularly in the discipline of Lexicography. This study examines the evolutionary trajectory of lexicographical studies in Pakistan, analyzing their intellectual foundations, methodological trends, and scholarly contributions within a critical and analytical framework. The research places special emphasis on the historical and academic role of the Urdu Dictionary Board, which undertook the monumental project of compiling “Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)” based on the model of the Oxford English Dictionary. This work not only defines word meanings but also documents their etymology, semantic evolution, and usage across different literary periods, supported by authentic textual evidence from classical and modern Urdu literature. The study highlights that this project represents a milestone in Pakistani lexicography and serves as a fundamental resource for contemporary linguistic and literary research. Furthermore, the paper critically examines the individual contributions of prominent scholars such as Shan-ul-Haq Haqqi and other linguists who played a pivotal role in shaping modern Urdu lexicography. Their work transformed dictionaries from mere repositories of meanings into analytical tools that reflect linguistic, cultural, and social dimensions of language. The study also explores the tradition of Arabic Urdu lexicography, given the central role of Arabic in Pakistan as the language of the Qur’an and Islamic scholarship. Dictionaries such as Al-Qamoos Al-Waheed, Misbah-ul-Lughat, Al-Munjid (Urdu translation), and Lughat-ul-Quran are analyzed as scholarly works that go beyond simple translation, providing detailed explanations of morphology, syntax, semantics, and contextual usage, particularly in religious texts. These dictionaries have served as an intel…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Muhammad Abdullah
creator: Professor Dr. Azra Perveen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-11
publication date: 2026-06-11
starting page: 86
ending page: 97
doi: 10.5281/

Juristic Rulings of Prayer and the Qur’ānic Term “Al-Qawl” (Speech): A Study of Tafsīr Ahkām al-Qur’ān
type: item
description: The verses of al-qawl (“speech” or “utterance”) in the Holy Qur’an have served as a basis for the derivation of numerous juristic rulings. A wide range of legal injunctions are inferred from the term al-qawl, and many such examples are found in the classical works of Ahkām al-Qur’ān (Qur’ānic legal exegesis). This article seeks to demonstrate that the term al-qawl constitutes the foundation of many subsidiary rulings related to prayer (ṣalāh), and that a number of juristic deductions revolve around this expression. The study examines the Divine command: “O you who believe! Do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying.” (Qur’ān 4:43) From this verse, jurists have derived ten legal rulings, the basis of whose deduction is the word “saying” (taqūlūn). This is an analytical study drawing upon both classical and contemporary juristic commentaries on the Qur’ān. For instance, the article discusses the ruling that speaking during prayer invalidates the prayer. In other words, if a person engages in speech other than the recitation of the Qur’ān while performing prayer, the prayer becomes void. This ruling is inferred from the aforementioned verse, for the permissibility of performing prayer is made conditional upon one’s awareness of what one is uttering—that is, whether one is reciting the Word of God or speaking words other than the Divine Speech. Since intoxication renders a person incapable of distinguishing between Divine discourse and ordinary human speech, the Qur’ān prohibits prayer after intoxication has overcome one’s intellect. Had human speech been permissible during prayer, there would have been no reason to forbid the intoxicated person from performing it.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ehsan Ur Rehman
creator: Dr. Muhammad ljaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 76
ending page: 85
doi: 10.5281/

The Authority of Khabar al-Wāḥid: A Comparative and Analytical Study of the Methodologies of Hadith Scholars and Legal Theorists
type: item
description: This article examines the authority of Khabar al-Wāḥid through a comparative and analytical study of the methodologies of Hadith scholars and legal theorists. Khabar al-Wāḥid refers to a report that does not reach the level of tawātur, even if it is transmitted by more than one narrator. The study argues that the debate on Khabar al-Wāḥid is not merely a technical discussion in hadith sciences; rather, it is directly connected with the authority of Sunnah, principles of legal reasoning, and the derivation of Islamic rulings. The article first clarifies the conceptual and terminological background of Khabar al-Wāḥid and then discusses the position of the majority of Muslim scholars regarding its authority in practical legal matters. It highlights that Hadith scholars primarily focus on the authenticity of transmission by examining the continuity of the chain, reliability and precision of narrators, absence of irregularity, and hidden defects. Legal theorists, on the other hand, examine the epistemological value, legal authority, textual implication, possible conflict with other evidences, specification of general texts, restriction of absolute texts, analogy, and practical application of such reports. The study finds that the difference between Hadith scholars and legal theorists is mostly methodological rather than fundamental. Both groups recognize the authority of Sunnah and accept authentic Khabar al-Wāḥid as a valid source of legal guidance, though they differ in emphasis, terminology, and conditions of application. The article concludes that a balanced understanding of Khabar al-Wāḥid requires the integration of hadith criticism, legal theory, and juristic application, as these disciplines collectively preserve the authenticity, meaning, and practical relevance of Prophetic traditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. Mirza Safdar Baig
creator: Hafiza Muqadas Asghar
creator: Sidra tul Muntaha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 62
ending page: 75
doi: 10.5281/

Analytical Study of Bioethical Rights in Islam
type: item
description: This study is an analytic discussion of bioethical rights in Islam whereby the Islamic doctrine is analyzed in terms of offering an overall moral guide to issues of modern biomedical concern. As an interdisciplinary discipline, bioethics addresses ethical issues posed by the progress in medicine and life sciences. These ethical issues are informed by the divine principles in the Islamic perspective which are based on the Quran, Sunnah and other sources of Islamic jurisprudence. This paper will set out to examine the principles, concepts and applications of bioethics within an Islamic context with special focus on protection of human dignity, preservation of life, and social justice. The methodology of the research is qualitative and analytical, appeals to classical texts of Islam, and to the modern academic interpretations. The main bioethical challenges, including abortion, euthanasia, organ transplantation, genetic engineering, and assisted reproductive technologies are critically discussed in the context of Islamic principles Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Islamic law), Maslahah (public interest), as well as Darurah (necessity). Rights of patients and duties of healthcare providers under an Islamic ethical system are also brought to the fore in the study.The evidence indicates that Islamic bioethics presents a harmonious and actively developing paradigm that helps to keep up with scientific advances without crossing moral limits. It underlines the sanctity of human life, the significance of intent, and the avoidance of injury. Besides, the paper shows the necessity of ongoing Ijtihad (independent thinking) in response to the new bioethical issues in contemporary society. The study concludes that Islamic bioethical values are still very important and can play a great role in the world ethics discussion in both healthcare and medicine. Keywords:
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ms.Ayesha
creator: Dr. Asma Aziz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-05
publication date: 2026-06-05
starting page: 49
ending page: 61
doi: 10.5281/

In the light of Fiqh al-Sirah, the economic and commercial principles of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ: A comparative study of the contemporary financial system
type: item
description: This study explores the economic and commercial principles of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in the light of Fiqh al-Sīrah and presents a comparative analysis with contemporary financial systems. The research highlights that the Prophetic economic model is fundamentally grounded in ethical values such as honesty, trustworthiness, transparency, justice, and social responsibility. In the Prophet’s ﷺ teachings and practices, trade is not merely a profit-oriented activity but a morally regulated system aimed at ensuring fairness, protecting the rights of all parties, and eliminating exploitation, fraud, and injustice. In contrast, modern financial systems, despite their institutional development and technological advancement, often suffer from structural inequalities, ethical deficits, and recurring financial crises. The study argues that integrating the ethical-economic principles derived from the Sunnah into contemporary financial frameworks can contribute to greater economic stability, fairness in wealth distribution, and sustainable development. Ultimately, the Prophetic model offers a holistic paradigm that combines moral integrity with practical economic governance, making it highly relevant for addressing the challenges of today’s global financial systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Muhammad Yousaf
creator: Dr. Muhammad Asim ul Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 37
ending page: 48
doi: 10.5281/

Revision Practices and Self-Regulated Learning in Collaborative Digital Writing: Implications for ESL Writing Development
type: item
description: Abstract This study examined the role of revision practices and self-regulated learning in collaborative digital writing among ESL learners. Previous studies on collaborative writing have largely focused on interaction patterns and writing outcomes, while limited attention has been given to learners’ revision behavior and reflective learning strategies in digital environments. Using a mixed-methods quasi-experimental design, the study investigated how collaborative revision and self-regulated learning contributed to writing development. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test writing tasks, revision histories, learner journals, rubric-based self-assessment forms, and semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that collaborative digital writing improved learners’ organization, coherence, vocabulary use, grammatical accuracy, and overall writing quality. Learners engaged in various forms of revision, including surface-level revisions, lexical changes, meaning-level revisions, and organizational restructuring. The findings also indicated that planning, monitoring, reflection, and evaluation supported writing improvement. The study highlights the importance of reflective revision and learner autonomy in digital collaborative writing settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Aqsa Faheem Khuhro
creator: Dr Muhammad Asif
creator: Dr Kamran Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 30
ending page: 36
doi: 10.5281/

The standard of verification of news in the field of Hadith and its contemporary significance
type: item
description: In today's era, the exchange and transmission of information has become very easy, because of which, sometimes, attention is not paid to verifying the news. Similarly, sometimes anti-national elements spread false news to fulfil their nefarious purposes. In Islamic history, the high standard of the verification of Hadith remained in every period until the compilation of Hadith. The incidents of the verification of Hadith by the Rightly Guided Caliphs during the era of the Companions are well known. To deal with this problem of fake news, we find the principles of hadith verification, which can be used as a basis to verify the news and deal with the important problem of the present era. These principles are known in the sciences of Hadith as “Dirayat-e-Hadith”. In this article, the principles of news verification in the Hadith will be mentioned, and their importance in the present era will be discussed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr Muhammad Yaqoob
creator: Dr. Muhammad Shahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 292
ending page: 301
doi: 10.5281/

The Origin and Evolution of the Occidentalism: An Analytical Study in the Light of the Opinions of the Occidentalists
type: item
description: This research paper examines the origins, development, and intellectual evolution of Occidentalism as a field of study. While extensive scholarship exists on Orientalism—the Western study and representation of the East—comparatively little attention has been devoted to Occidentalism, which explores Eastern perspectives on the West. This study provides an analytical examination of the ideas and intellectual contributions of prominent Occidentalist thinkers, including Hassan Hanafi, Jalal Al-e Ahmad, Anwar Abdel-Malek, and other contemporary scholars, to understand how the East has perceived and responded to the political, cultural, and intellectual dominance of the West. Occidentalism emerged as an intellectual framework through which Muslim and non-Western thinkers sought to understand, evaluate, and engage with Western thought, culture, and civilization. In its early stages, the discipline was primarily concerned with understanding the West and benefiting from its advancements. However, as Occidentalism evolved, it adopted a more critical and analytical approach, examining Western ideologies and institutions through indigenous and Islamic intellectual perspectives. Occidentalist scholars argue that Western thought should not be accepted uncritically; rather, it should be assessed objectively to preserve intellectual independence, cultural identity, and academic freedom. They further challenge Eurocentrism—the belief in the inherent superiority and universality of Western civilization—which has historically shaped global intellectual and cultural discourse. Jalal Al-e Ahmad, in particular, described the phenomenon of uncritical imitation of the West as ‘Gharbzadegi’ (“Westoxification” or “Occidentosis”), a condition that undermines cultural authenticity and self-confidence. The concepts of Eurocentrism and *Gharbzadegi* highlight the ideological and imitative tendencies that influence human societies. This study argues that such tendencies can be addressed through b…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Occidentalism, Orientalism, Eurocentrism, Gharbzadegi (Westoxification), Muslim Intellectual Thought
  topic: keywords
creator: Tehmina Shahzadi
creator: Dr. Muhammad Ghayas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 275
ending page: 280
doi: 10.5281/

The Role of Maulana Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri’s Book Bazl al-Majhud fi Hall Abi Dawud in the Explanation of the Term Mukhtalif al-Hadith
type: item
description: This research examines the scholarly contribution of Maulana Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri in explaining and resolving the concept of Mukhtalif al-Hadith through his renowned commentary Bazl al-Majhud fi Hall Abi Dawud. The study highlights the methodological principles adopted by the author in reconciling apparently contradictory narrations, interpreting Hadith texts, and addressing juristic and theological differences among scholars. It further explores how Saharanpuri employed classical principles of Hadith criticism, contextual interpretation, and comparative analysis to remove ambiguities and harmonize narrations in Sunan Abi Dawud. The research also evaluates the academic significance of Bazl al-Majhud in the field of Hadith studies and its impact on later scholarly discussions regarding contradictory traditions. Through an analytical and descriptive approach, the study demonstrates that the work is an important contribution to the science of Mukhtalif al-Hadith and reflects the depth of Indo-Islamic Hadith scholarship.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Haroon ur Rashid Leghari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-24
publication date: 2026-05-24
starting page: 12
ending page: 29
doi: 10.5281/

Social Justice in the Prophetic SeerahPrinciples and Requirements
type: item
description: The concept of social justice occupies a central position in Islamic teachings and is comprehensively presented in the Seerah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Before Islam, the notion of justice was largely confined to legal and judicial matters, where rulers and judges merely decided disputes based on evidence and testimony. However, Islam introduced a broader and more comprehensive system of justice that encompasses not only the judicial sphere but also the moral, social, economic, and collective dimensions of human life. This study examines the principles and requirements of social justice in the light of the Prophetic Seerah and highlights their contemporary significance. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ established a society founded upon equality, human dignity, mutual responsibility, and the protection of rights. Unlike modern materialistic approaches that emphasize individual rights while often neglecting responsibilities toward others, the Prophetic model trained individuals to fulfill the rights of fellow human beings willingly and sincerely. The paper argues that the implementation of the Prophetic teachings on social justice can play a vital role in addressing contemporary social conflicts, inequality, hatred, and unrest. Furthermore, these teachings provide a practical framework for establishing peace, harmony, and collective welfare in modern societies. The research concludes that the Prophetic vision of social justice offers a universal and timeless solution for creating a balanced and peaceful human civilization.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Syed Muhammad Usman
creator: Hafiz Abdullah Mansoor Suleman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 246
ending page: 271
doi: 10.5281/

RUSSIA’S GRAND STRATEGY IN THE POST-2022 INTERNATIONAL ORDER: A NEOCLASSICAL REALIST ANALYSIS
type: item
description: This study applies the neoclassical realist (NCR) framework to examine Russia's grand strategy following the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Bridging systemic incentives and unit-level intervening variables including state-society relations, executive autonomy, strategic culture, and elite perception NCR illuminates why Russian foreign policy has been simultaneously structurally motivated and tactically dysfunctional. The paper argues that Russia pursues a five-pronged revisionist grand strategy encompassing military force, energy statecraft, informational warfare, Eurasian institutional consolidation, and nuclear signaling, filtered through a Putinist ideational lens that systematically misread both Ukrainian resilience and Western cohesion. While Russia achieved partial success in restructuring global alignments through the BRICS-plus framework and Global South neutrality, its core strategic objectives preventing NATO enlargement and subordinating Ukraine have been decisively frustrated. The paper concludes that Russia faces an accelerating capability-aspiration gap, rendering its grand strategy structurally unsustainable over the medium term without significant systemic shifts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mahrukh
creator: Hadia Safeer Choudhry
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 264
ending page: 274
doi: 10.5281/

Community Perceptions of Climatic Hazards in District Nushki, Balochistan
type: item
description: Climate change has become one of the major environmental and socio-economic challenges in developing countries, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. District Nushki in Balochistan is highly vulnerable to climatic hazards because of water scarcity, frequent droughts, increasing temperatures, and dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods such as agriculture and livestock. The present study examines community perceptions regarding climatic hazards and explores the socio-economic impacts of climate change on local communities in Nushki. The study also investigates adaptation and resilience strategies adopted by households to cope with climatic changes. The quantitative research design was used in this study, and data were collected through household surveys. The findings reveal that local communities have experienced significant changes in rainfall patterns, increasing temperatures, drought conditions, declining agricultural productivity, livestock losses, and water shortages during recent years. The study concludes that climate change has intensified community -level vulnerabilities in District Nushki and there is a strong need for community-based adaptation strategies, awareness programs, improved water management systems, and sustainable policy interventions to strengthen resilience among local populations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Meher Nigar
creator: Dr. Shazia Jaffar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 256
ending page: 263
doi: 10.5281/

Decentralization in Theory and Practice:A Historical and Critical Comparison of Pakistan’sLocal Government Ordinances of 1979 and 2001
type: item
description: This article examines the two most consequential pieces of local government legislation in Pakistan’s post-independence history: the Local Government Ordinance (LGO) of 1979, promulgated under General Zia-ul-Haq, and the Local Government Ordinance of 2001, promulgated under General Pervez Musharraf. By situating both ordinances within their respective political, historical, and ideological contexts, the article offers a comparative critique of their structural designs, stated objectives, and practical outcomes. It argues that despite markedly different rhetorical frameworks—the 1979 Ordinance emphasizing administrative efficiency and the 2001 Ordinance championing grassroots empowerment—both instruments ultimately served to consolidate authoritarian power rather than to transfer meaningful governance authority to elected local bodies. The article traces the colonial roots of local government in the subcontinent, analyses the structural provisions of each ordinance, and assesses their respective legacies through the lenses of fiscal autonomy, political decentralization, and democratic accountability. The analysis traces continuities and ruptures between the two frameworks, assesses their developmental and democratic consequences, and situates them within broader comparative and theoretical debates about decentralization in the Global South.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Saleem Arshad
creator: Dr. Mumtaz Ahmad Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 246
ending page: 255
doi: 10.5281/

A Study to Focus on Collaborated Strategies Responding to Drug Abuse Situation in Pakistan
type: item
description: This research article focuses on the collaborated strategies responding to drug abuse conditions in Pakistan. Drug abuse is a grave problem severely affecting the Pakistani society. There is a dire need to develop significant strategies in order to curb drug abuse problem from Pakistan society. For this research article, the content analysis method has been utilized. In addition, this research article relies upon secondary data.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mujeeb Ullah
creator: Dr. Surraya Bano
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 239
ending page: 245
doi: 10.5281/

Ṣūfī Discussions in “Al-Itqān fī Ulūm ul-Qurān”
type: item
description: The Holy Qur’an is an infinite ocean of knowledge, wisdom, and profound meanings. Since the time it was revealed to the Prophet, Muhammad ﷺ, scholars have continuously endeavored to unravel its truths, explore its concepts and applications, seek out its wonders and divine injunctions. Yet, to this day, no one has ever been able to claim that they have comprehended all the depths and dimensions of this boundless sea of wisdom. In the course of history, there are certain works that stand as definitive references in their respective fields. Al-Itqān fī Ulūm ul-Qurān is among such masterpieces. It is renowned for its remarkable comprehensiveness and encyclopedic character, encompassing the full spectrum of Qurʾānic sciences. Based upon and extracted from, synthesizing, all the major works that preceded it, the author produced a new and unparalleled composition a true phenomenal in the field. Although its central subject is Ulūm al-Qurān (the science of the Qurān), However, the author’s inclination towards Taṣawwuf naturally found expression within it. Consequently, the work contains significant discussions related to Taṣawwuf, reflecting the author’s spiritual insight alongside his scholarly rigor.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Zabeh Ulllah
creator: Prof. Dr. Humayun Abbas
creator: Muhammad Rizwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 226
ending page: 238
doi: 10.5281/

The Reflection of Political, Social, and Economic Issues in the Short Stories of Zahida Hina
type: item
description: This research article offers a profound analytical study of the thematic, aesthetic, and ideological dimensions of Zahida Hina’s fictional oeuvre. Deviating from traditional modes of storytelling, Hina seamlessly intertwines her narrative art with a global consciousness and international political acumen. By establishing an organic link between history, the present, and the future, she seeks the reclamation of distorted historical truths through literature. The study delineates how her short stories courageously interrogate imperialist contradictions, the severe socio-psychological impacts of war on women and marginalized strata, the trauma of migration, and the atrocities of authoritarian regimes. The article demonstrates that her literary trajectory evolves from romantic pessimism into a robust paradigm of intellectual maturity and resistance literature. Ultimately, her fearless characters refuse escapism, establishing a sustainable intellectual discourse against exploitative global and domestic structures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Zahida Hina, Urdu Fiction, Short Story, Political Consciousness, Resistance Literature, Historical Reclamation, Socio-Economic Exploitation, Psychological Impact of War, Trauma of Partition
  topic: keywords
creator: Ghulam Shabbir
creator: Dr. Aslam Aziz Durrani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 217
ending page: 225
doi: 10.5281/

Sociological Study of Ali Akbar Natiq's Novel Writing
type: item
description: This research paper presents a comprehensive sociological study of contemporary Urdu fiction through an analytical critique of Ali Akbar Natiq’s seminal novels, Noolakhi Kothi and Kumari Wala. Utilizing a realistic narrative approach and a sharp stylistic execution termed "Nok Nigari", Natiq meticulously uncovers the structural injustices, class struggles, and institutional decay within the Subcontinent, particularly Punjab. Through Noolakhi Kothi, the study explores the sociological impacts of post-colonial transitions, examining how colonial stratagems transformed into modern tools of exploitation wielded by a newly emerged indigenous elite. Shifting to Kumari Wala, the paper analyzes contemporary societal degeneration from 1980 to 2020, focusing on systemic corruption, feudal tyranny, bureaucratic moral decay, and religious exploitation. By stripping away romanticized depictions of rural life, this paper highlights Natiq’s profound ability to mirror the eroding foundational human values under social pressures, positioning his work as a vital sociological document of regional socio-political evolution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ali Akbar Natiq, Sociological Analysis, Urdu Fiction, Post-Colonialism, Structural Injustice, Feudal Tyranny, Socio-Political Realism
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Idrees
creator: Dr. Rafia Malik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 211
ending page: 216
doi: 10.5281/

A Research and Analytical Study of Ijtihād-Based Differences among the Imams of Islamic Jurisprudence: Legal Status, Causes, Underlying Wisdoms, and Merits
type: item
description: This study presents a critical and analytical examination of ijtihād-based differences among the classical Imams of Islamic jurisprudence and explores their legal status, underlying causes, wisdoms, and merits. Juristic disagreement (ikhtilāf) is not a sign of contradiction within Islamic law, but rather a natural outcome of scholarly effort in interpreting the Qurʾān and Sunnah where texts allow multiple meanings or lack explicit detail. The research identifies key causes of these differences, including variations in textual interpretation, principles of ḥadīth authentication, methodological diversity in legal reasoning, and the influence of socio-cultural contexts. It further highlights the wisdom behind such diversity, emphasizing its role in facilitating legal flexibility, removing hardship, and accommodating changing circumstances across time and place. The study also discusses the positive contributions of juristic disagreement to intellectual development, preservation of evidences, and promotion of tolerance and mutual respect among scholars. Concluding that these differences represent a source of strength rather than division, the paper underscores their enduring relevance in addressing contemporary legal and social challenges within the framework of Sharīʿah.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ijtihād, Juristic Differences, Islamic Jurisprudence, Legal Status, Causes of Ikhtilāf, Wisdom and Merits
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayesha sadiqa
creator: Dr Saeed Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 196
ending page: 210
doi: 10.5281/

Effects of Shuttle Training on Agility, Flexibility, and Reaction Time among School-Level Basketball Players
type: item
description: Shuttle training plays an important role in enhancing agility, flexibility, and reaction time in basketball players. This study was to investigate the effects of shuttle training on the flexibility, agility, and performance of basketball players at the school level. This study used an experimental research design with a pre-test intervention and a post-test design with comparative analysis. A total of n = 30 participants were randomly assigned to the shuttle training group (n = 15) and the other control group (n = 15). The experimental group completed an 8-week shuttle training program, consisting of three 60 minutes session per week. The control group continued their regular basketball training. Pre and post-tests were conducted to measure agility, flexibility, and reaction time. The normality tests confirmed that all performance variables are reasonably normally distributed (p > 0.05). Descriptive statistics indicated a pre-intervention mean of 21.41 ± for agility, 32.36 ± 3.99 for flexibility, 104.85 ± 6.80 ms for reaction time, and 33.33 ± 2.04 cm. Post intervention participation in the shuttle training group showed improvements with means of 20.55 ± 1.11 agility, 40.90 ± 5.05 flexibility, 97.58 ± 9.99 ms reaction time, and 31.78 ± 3.40 cm. T-test and ANOVA indicated significant improvement in all variables for the experimental group ( p > 0.05. There are remarkable changes observed in the control group. The results show that shuttle training significantly improves agility, flexibility, reaction time, and jump performance among basketball players. These findings highlight the efficacy of incorporating shuttle training into regular practice sessions to improve overall performance. Trainers and coaches can use this approach to enhance players' capabilities and reduce the risk of injury.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Mahmood
creator: Irfan Haider
creator: Syed Masood Bukhari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 185
ending page: 195
doi: 10.5281/

A Comparative Examination of Hinduism through Muslim and Orientalist Perspectives: Historical, Intellectual, and Civilizational Dimensions
type: item
description: This study presents a critical and comparative analysis of Hinduism through the perspectives of Muslim and Orientalist scholarship, focusing on its historical, intellectual, and cultural dimensions. Drawing primarily on the works of Abu Rayhan al-Biruni and Klaus Klostermaier, the research examines how two distinct epistemological frameworks interpret the complex and fluid nature of Hindu traditions. Al-Biruni’s approach is characterized by linguistic immersion, cultural sensitivity, and an effort toward objective documentation, while Orientalist scholarship often employs historical-critical and analytical methodologies shaped by modern academic paradigms. The study explores key themes such as linguistic barriers, social structures, religious pluralism, and the evolution of Hindu thought, highlighting both convergences and divergences in interpretation. It also critically evaluates the limitations inherent in each perspective, including issues of bias, methodological assumptions, and contextual constraints. By juxtaposing classical Muslim scholarship with contemporary Orientalist analysis, the paper underscores the necessity of a balanced and interdisciplinary approach to understanding Hinduism. Ultimately, the study argues that a nuanced synthesis of these perspectives offers a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of one of the world’s most complex religious traditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. Manzoor Ali
creator: Mr. Muhammad Idrees
creator: Asghar Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 440
ending page: 457
doi: 10.5281/

Islamic Teachings and the Role of Social Pluralism and Tolerance in Modern Societies
type: item
description: This research article presents an analysis of the concepts of social pluralism and tolerance within Islamic teachings from historical, exegetical, and social perspectives. The increasing cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity in modern societies has created new challenges for peaceful coexistence. This research demonstrates that Islamic sources (the Quran, Sunnah, and jurisprudence) not only acknowledge pluralism but consider it a part of divine wisdom. Practical models are presented in light of the Constitution of Medina (Sahifah al-Madinah), the civilization of Andalusia (Convivencia), and the Ottoman Millet system. In the modern context, under the framework of Fiqh al-Aqalliyyat (Jurisprudence of Minorities) and Maqasid al-Shariah (Objectives of Islamic Law), social pluralism can be utilized for national unity, prevention of extremism, and interfaith dialogue. The research concludes that intolerance in contemporary Muslim societies is not a flaw of Islam but rather the result of historical and political factors, and that by highlighting the principle of Wasatiyyah (moderation) present in Islamic teachings, internal and external conflicts can be resolved.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Syed Zawar Hussain
creator: Dr. Muhammad Azam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 173
ending page: 184
doi: 10.5281/

Islamic Education and Identity Construction: A Comparative Study of Madrasa and Secular School Students in Pakistan
type: item
description: In Pakistan’s complex socio-political context, the parallel existence of madrasas and secular schools (both public and private) plays a central role in shaping how young people understand themselves and their place in society. This study explores how these different educational settings influence the development of religious, national, and civic identities among students. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research is based on a comparative cross-sectional survey of 400 students aged 15–18 from Punjab and Sindh, along with semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were collected through validated Likert-scale instruments and analyzed using statistical methods, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. The findings point to clear differences in how identity is formed across the two systems. Students in madrasas tend to express a stronger sense of religious identity, whereas those in secular schools show comparatively greater alignment with national identity and civic values. At the same time, the qualitative data suggest that these identities are not simply separate; rather, students negotiate and combine them in different ways depending on their educational environment. Overall, the study highlights the influential role of educational institutions in shaping identity. It suggests that future curriculum reforms should aim to bring religious, national, and civic dimensions into better balance, with the broader goal of strengthening social cohesion in Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Maryam D/O Shabbir Hussain
creator: Irshad Ali
creator: Imran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AL-HAYAT Research Journal (AHRJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 158
ending page: 172
doi: 10.5281/