Reformative Aspects and Practical Guidance in the Light of al-Fiqh al-Akbar: Solutions to Modern Intellectual Deviations

Abstract

This study examines the reformative significance of al-Fiqh al-Akbar by Imam Abu Hanifa (رحمه الله) in preserving orthodox Sunni belief and addressing contemporary ideological deviations, particularly liberalism, secularism, denial of Hadith, and subjective reinterpretations of the Qur’an prevalent in modern Pakistani society. Imam Abu Hanifa establishes a comprehensive doctrinal framework rooted entirely in Qur’an and Sunnah, beginning with the correct determination of faith (īmān) and its foundations. The doctrine of Divine Speech (Kalam Allah) is presented with remarkable clarity: the Qur’an is the uncreated, eternal speech of Allah, while its recitation, writing, and memorization are created human acts. This distinction decisively refutes claims that the Qur’an is a historical or sociological product subject to evolving human reason. By affirming the eternality of Divine Speech, Imam Abu Hanifa safeguards revelation from secular relativism and liberal reinterpretation. Furthermore, the Imam’s balanced exposition of Divine Knowledge, Decree, and Predestination dismantles both fatalistic misuse of destiny and modern denial of divine will. Allah’s knowledge is eternal, complete, and unchanging, yet human responsibility and moral accountability remain intact. This equilibrium forms the ethical foundation of faith, effort, and accountability. In the doctrine of Prophethood, Imam Abu Hanifa articulates the Sunni position that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is both human and the most excellent of humanity, uniquely distinguished by revelation. This balance corrects modern distortions that either diminish Prophethood to moral symbolism or challenge the finality and authority of the Sunnah. Thus, al-Fiqh al-Akbar emerges not merely as a theological text but as a timeless reformative manifesto that fortifies Muslim belief against intellectual confusion, ideological extremism, and secular erosion, ensuring the preservation of authentic Islamic faith and societal integrity.