Worship at Home and the Closure of Mosques during Epidemics: A Jurisprudential and Analytical Study

Abstract

This study examines the jurisprudential and analytical dimensions of worship practices during epidemic outbreaks, with a particular focus on the closure of mosques and the performance of prayers at home. Drawing upon the Qurʾān, Hadith, and classical as well as contemporary juristic opinions, the paper explores the balance between preserving communal worship and safeguarding human life. It highlights the scholarly debate on whether mosques should remain open with precautionary measures, or whether temporary restrictions are permissible under exceptional circumstances. The analysis shows that while the majority of scholars discourage the complete closure of mosques, allowances exist for praying at home in cases of illness, fear of contagion, or government-imposed restrictions. The paper further discusses related issues such as Friday and Eid prayers at home, physical distancing in congregational rows, the use of masks, and the application of legal maxims in times of public health crises. The findings suggest that Islamic jurisprudence provides both flexibility and guidance, allowing for precautionary measures without undermining the centrality of mosques in Muslim communal life.