Ilāh, Rabb, ʿIbādah, and Dīn: Maulana Maududi’s Intellectual Reconstruction of Qur’ānic Concepts

Abstract

This study critically examines Maulana Abul A‘la Maududi’s interpretation of four fundamental Qur’ānic concepts—Ilāh (Deity), Rabb (Lord), ʿIbādah (Worship), and Dīn (Religion)—which serve as the conceptual foundation of his Islamic worldview. Drawing primarily on Tafhīm al-Qur’ān and Four Key Concepts of the Qur’ān, the paper demonstrates how Maududi redefines these terms beyond their classical theological meanings, situating them within an integrated socio-political and spiritual framework. Through a qualitative analysis of his writings, supported by classical exegetical traditions and contemporary scholarship, the study explores how these concepts underpin his vision of Islam as a comprehensive system of life. The paper further engages both supportive perspectives, such as those of Sayyid Qutb and Israr Ahmad, and critical assessments from scholars including Fazlur Rahman and Abdullahi An-Naʿim. The findings suggest that Maududi’s reconstruction offers a powerful synthesis of theology and governance, while simultaneously raising debates about interpretive plurality, the balance between spirituality and political authority, and the applicability of his framework in pluralistic modern societies.