A Critical and Analytical Study of the Principles of Orientalism and Post-Orientalism

Abstract

This research article provides a critical and analytical examination of the epistemological shift from classical Orientalism to Post-Orientalism, investigating the underlying principles that have shaped Western academic discourse on the Muslim world. It elucidates how classical Orientalism functioned not merely as a scholarly pursuit but as a Eurocentric tool for imperial domination, portraying the Orient as stagnant to justify colonial rule. While acknowledging Edward Said's pivotal role in exposing this power-knowledge nexus, the study also brings to light significant pre-Saidian critiques by scholars like A.L. Tibawi and Anouar Abdel-Malek. Furthermore, the research expands on Post-Orientalist thought by integrating Homi K. Bhabha’s concepts of "mimicry" and "hybridity," alongside Gayatri Spivak’s critique of "Colonial Feminism." A key finding of this study is the emergence of "Neo-Orientalism" in the post-9/11 era, arguing that contemporary discourse has transitioned from biological racism to "cultural racism," where Islamic values are deemed incompatible with modernity. The article concludes by recommending that Muslim scholars move beyond defensive apologetics and strive for the decolonization of knowledge to construct an autonomous narrative rooted in indigenous epistemologies.