A Jurisprudential and Exegetical Study of the Prohibition of Affinity and Marital Compatibility in the Light of Tafsīr al-Mazharī

Abstract

This study examines two interrelated issues in Islamic jurisprudence and exegesis: the prohibition of affinity (ḥurmat al-muṣāharah) and the principle of marital compatibility (kafāʾah), with a particular focus on Tafsīr al-Mazharī by Qāḍī Thanāʾ Allāh Pānīpatī. The first part explores the concept of affinity, which renders marriage permanently unlawful between certain individuals due to marital or illicit relations. Drawing on Qur’ānic verses, prophetic traditions, and classical juristic opinions, the paper analyzes the scope of prohibited relations, both through legitimate marital bonds and through unlawful sexual contact. The exegetical discussions highlight how Islamic law safeguards family honor and social order by regulating such relationships. The second part addresses marital compatibility, which refers to equality between spouses in aspects such as lineage, religion, social status, profession, and piety. By engaging with Qur’ānic injunctions, hadith reports, and juristic interpretations, the study demonstrates that while compatibility enhances harmony in marriage, it is not an absolute requirement. Instead, higher religious and ethical considerations may permit marriages across social strata, as evidenced in several precedents from the Companions. Overall, this research underscores the balanced approach of Islamic law, which upholds social harmony and moral integrity while allowing flexibility where religious interests are prioritized.